History

1. General Bibliographies and Reference Sources

Bonser, W., An Anglo-Saxon and Celtic Bibliography, 450-1087, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1957).

Keynes, Simon, Anglo-Saxon History: a Select Bibliography, second edition (Binghamton, N.Y., 1993).

This bibliography is updated annually and published by the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic, University of Cambridge.
Web: http://www.wmich.edu/medieval/rawl/keynes1/index.html

Rosenthal, Joel T., Anglo-Saxon History: an Annotated Bibliography, 450-1066 (New York, 1985).

2. General Commentaries

Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History (Oxford, 1979 onwards).

An annual journal, published by the Oxford University Committee for Archaeology.

Campbell, James, Essays in Anglo-Saxon History (London, 1986).

Ellis, Peter Berresford, Celt and Saxon: the Struggle for Britain A.D. 410-937 (London, 1993)

Finberg, H.P.R., The Formation of England, 550-1042 (London, 1974).

Fisher, D.J.V., The Anglo-Saxon Age, c.400-1042 (London, 1973).

Harrison, Kenneth, The Framework of Anglo-Saxon History to A.D. 900 (Cambridge, 1976).

Hodgkin, R.H., History of the Anglo-Saxons, third edition (Oxford, 1952).

Humble, Richard, The Saxon Kings (London, 1980).

John, Eric, Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England (Manchester, 1996).

Loyn, H.R., Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest, second edition (London, 1991).

Matthew, Donald with Anne Curry and Ewen Green, ed., Stenton's 'Anglo-Saxon England' Fifty Years On: Papers Given at a Colloquium Held at Reading 11-12 November 1993 (Reading, 1994).

See Stenton (1971).

Page, R.I., Life in Anglo-Saxon England (London, 1970).

Sawyer, P.H., From Roman Britain to Norman England (London, 1978).

Stenton, Frank Merry, Anglo-Saxon England, third edition (Oxford, 1971).

See also Matthew.

Stenton, Frank Merry, Preparatory to Anglo-Saxon England, Being the Collected Papers of Frank Merry Stenton, ed. by Doris M. Stenton (Oxford, 1970).

Whitelock, Dorothy, The Beginnings of English Society, second edition (Harmondsworth, 1974).

3. Topics

a) Agriculture and Food

See also 'Agriculture and Related Processes' in Section Nine, part 5d.

Finberg, H.P.R., ed., Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol. 1, part 2: A.D. 43-1042 (Cambridge, 1972).

Hagen, Ann, Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Food: Processing and Consumption (Pinner, 1992).

Hagen, Ann, A Second Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Food and Drink: Production and Distribution (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, 1995).

b) Aristocracy

Clarke, Peter A., The English Nobility under Edward the Confessor (Oxford, 1994).

Searle, W.G., Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles: the Succession of the Bishops and the Pedigrees of the Kings and Nobles (Cambridge, 1899).

Williams, Ann, The English and the Norman Conquest (Woodbridge, 1995).

A study of the fate of the lesser aristocracy after 1066.

c) Church Organisation and History

See also 'Regions' in part 5 of this Section, and 'Individual Settlements' in part 6b.

Addleshaw, G.W.O., The Pastoral Organisation of the Modern Dioceses of Durham and Newcastle in the Time of Bede (Jarrow, 1963).

Birch, Walter de Gray, Fasti monastici aevi Saxonici: or an Alphabetical List of the Heads of Religious Houses in England Previous to the Norman Conquest, to Which is Prefixed a Chronological Catalogue of Contemporary Foundations (London, 1872).

Cubitt, Catherine, R.E., Anglo-Saxon Church Councils, c.650-850 (Leicester, 1995).

Deanesly, Margaret, The Pre-Conquest Church in England, second edition (London, 1963).

Dumville, David N., Liturgy and the Ecclesiastical History of Late Anglo-Saxon England (Woodbridge, 1992).

Eales, Richard and Richard Sharpe, ed., Canterbury and the Norman Conquest: Churches, Saints and Scholars, 1066-1109 (London, 1995).

Knowles, David, Christopher Brooke and Vera C.M. London, The Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales, 940-1216 (Cambridge, 1972).

Marsden, John, The Fury of the Northmen: Saints, Shrines and Sea-Raiders in the Viking Age, 793-878 (London, 1993)

Mayr-Harting, Henry, The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England, third edition (London, 1990).

Ortenberg, Veronica, The English Church and the Continent in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries: Cultural, Spiritual, and Artistic Exchanges (Oxford, 1992).

Searle, W.G., Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles: the Succession of the Bishops and the Pedigrees of the Kings and Nobles (Cambridge, 1899).

d) Dress

Owen-Crocker, Gale R., Dress in Anglo-Saxon England (Manchester, 1986).

e) Education

Gneuss, Helmut, The Study of Language in Anglo-Saxon England (Manchester, 1990).

f) Finance

For coin studies, see Section Seven.

Blackburn, M.A.S., ed., Anglo-Saxon Monetary History (Leicester, 1986).

g) Foreign Relations and Influences

Dumville, David, Britons and Anglo-Saxons in the Early Middle Ages (Aldershot, 1993).

Hart, Cyril, The Danelaw (London, 1992).

Jackson, Kenneth et al., Celt and Saxon: Studies in the Early British Border, reprinted with corrections (Cambridge, 1964).

Levison, Wilhelm, England and the Continent in the Eighth Century: the Ford Lectures Delivered in the University of Oxford in the Hilary Term, 1943 (Oxford, 1946).

McKitterick, Rosamund, Anglo-Saxon Missionaries in Germany: Personal Connections and Local Influences (Leicester, 1991).

Niles, John D. and Mark Amodio, ed., Anglo-Scandinavian England: Norse-English Relations in the Period before the Conquest (London, 1989).

Ortenberg, Veronica, The English Church and the Continent in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries: Cultural, Spiritual and Artistic Exchanges (Oxford, 1992).

Sawyer, Peter, Scandinavians and the English in the Viking Age (Cambridge, 1995).

Wainwright, F.T., Scandinavian England (Chichester, 1975).

h) Government

Dark, Kenneth R., Civitas to Kingdom: Power and Politics in Britain, A.D. 300-800 (Leicester, 1993).

Higham, N.J., The Convert Kings: Power and Religious Affiliation in Early Anglo-Saxon England (Manchester, 1997).

Loyn, Henry R., The Governance of Anglo-Saxon England, 500-1087 (London, 1984).

Oleson, Tryggvi J., The Witanagemot in the Reign of Edward the Confessor: a Study in the Constitutional History of Eleventh Century England (Oxford, 1955).

Wallace-Hadrill, J.M., Early Germanic Kingship in England and on the Continent (Oxford, 1971).

Yorke, Barbara, Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England (London, 1990).

i) Law

For legal texts, see Section Five, part 5d. For legal language, see Section Two, part 6c.

John, Eric, Land Tenure in Early England, revised edition (Leicester, 1964).

Pelteret, David A.E., Slavery in Early Mediaeval England from the Reign of Alfred until the Twelfth Century (Woodbridge, 1995).

Riggs, Charles H., Criminal Asylum in Anglo-Saxon Law (Gainesville, Florida, 1989).

j) Medicine

For medical texts, see Section Three, part 6d, x.

Bonser, Wilfrid, The Medical Background of Anglo-Saxon England: a Study in History, Psychology, and Folklore (London, 1963).

Cameron, M.L., Anglo-Saxon Medicine (Cambridge, 1993).

Payne, J.F., English Medicine in the Anglo-Saxon Times (Oxford, 1904).

Scragg, D.G., ed., Superstition and Popular Medicine in Anglo-Saxon England (Manchester, 1989).

k) Military Studies

Abels, Richard P., Lordship and Military Obligation in Anglo-Saxon England (London, 1988).

Bradbury, Jim, The Battle of Hastings (Stroud, 1998).

Brooks, Frederick William, The Battle of Stamford Bridge (York, 1956).

Cooper, Janet, ed., The Battle of Maldon, Fiction and Fact (London, 1993).

Evans, Stephen S., The Lords of Battle: Image and Reality of the Comitatus in Dark Age Britain (Woodbridge, 1997)

Harrison, Mark and Gerry Embleton, Saxon Thegn, 443-1066 A.D. (London, 1993).

Hawkes, Sonia Chadwick, ed., Weapons and Warfare in Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford, 1989).

Haywood, John, Dark Age Naval Power: a Reassessment of Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Seafaring Activity (London, 1991).

Hollister, Charles Warren, Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions on the Eve of the Norman Conquest (Oxford, 1963).

Morillo, Stephen, ed., The Battle of Hastings: Sources and Interpretations (Woodbridge, 1996).

Nicolle, David, Arthur and the Anglo-Saxon Wars: Anglo-Celtic Warfare, A.D. 410-1066 (London, 1984).

Peddie, John, Alfred the Good Soldier: his Life and Campaigns (Bath, 1989).

Peddie, John and Patrick Dillon, Alfred's Defeat of the Vikings (Devizes, 1981) Reprinted (London, 1994).

Pollington, Stephen, The English Warrior from Earliest Times to 1066 (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, 1996).

Shadrake, Dan and Susanna Shadrake, Barbarian Warriors: Saxons, Vikings, Normans (London, 1997).

Strickland, Matthew, ed., Anglo-Norman Warfare: Studies in Late Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman Military Organisation and Warfare (Woodbridge, 1992).

Wise, Terence, Saxon, Viking and Norman (London, 1979).

This is a volume in the 'Men-at-Arms' series.

l) Music

Berry, Mary, Liturgical Music in Anglo-Saxon Times (Deerhurst, 1988).

Carnyx, Sounds of the Viking Age [audio-cassette].

Schola Gregoriana of Cambridge, Anglo-Saxon Christmas: 10th Century Chant from the Winchester Troper (Farnham, 1992) [audio-cassette].

See note at Schola Gregoriana of Cambridge.

Schola Gregoriana of Cambridge, Anglo-Saxon Easter: Chants and Tropes for the Mass on Easter Day from the Winchester Troper (Hamburg, 1984) [audio-cassette].

For an account of the manuscript of the Winchester Troper, see Section Five, part 6d, iv.

m) Religion (Christianity)

Bonner, Gerald, Church and Faith in the Patristic Tradition: Augustine, Pelagianism, and Early Christian Northumbria (Aldershot, 1996).

Chaney, William A., The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: the Transition from Paganism to Christianity (Manchester, 1969).

Clayton, Mary, The Cult of the Virgin Mary in Anglo-Saxon England (Cambridge, 1990).

Jolly, Karen Louise, Popular Religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1996).

Dealing with the process of Conversion, and the survival of pagan beliefs in a Christianised country.

Ortenberg, Veronica, The English Church and the Continent in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries: Cultural, Spiritual, and Artistic Exchanges (Oxford, 1992).

Owen, Gale R., Rites and Religions of the Anglo-Saxons (Newton Abbot, 1981).

Phillips, Andrew, The Hallowing of England: a Guide to the Saints of Old England and their Places of Pilgrimage (Pinner, 1994).

Ridyard, Susan J., The Royal Saints of Anglo-Saxon England: a Study of West Saxon and East Anglian Cults (Cambridge, 1988).

Rollason, D.W., Saints and Relics in Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford, 1989).

n) Religion (Paganism)

Bates, Brian, The Wisdom of the Wyrd (London, 1996).

Branston, Brian, The Lost Gods of England, new edition (London, 1974).

Chaney, William A., The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: the Transition from Paganism to Christianity (Manchester, 1969).

Davidson, Hilda Ellis, The Lost Beliefs of Northern Europe (London, 1993).

Griffiths, Bill, Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Magic (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, 1996).

Herbert, Kathleen, Looking for the Lost Gods of England (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, 1994).

Jolly, Karen Louise, Popular Religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context (London, 1996).

Dealing with the process of Conversion, and the survival of pagan beliefs in a Christianised country.

Stanley, E.G., The Search for Anglo-Saxon Paganism (Woodbridge, 1975).

A study of English and German nineteenth century research into this subject.

Wilson, David, Anglo-Saxon Paganism (London, 1992).

o) Women

Fell, Christine, Cecily Clark and Elizabeth Williams, Women in Anglo-Saxon England and the Impact of 1066 (London, 1984).

Hollis, Stephanie, Anglo-Saxon Women and the Church: Sharing a Common Fate (Woodbridge, 1992).

Leyser, Henrietta, Medieval Women: a Social History of Women in England 450-1500 (London, 1995).

Stafford, Pauline, Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women's Power in Eleventh Century England (Oxford, 1997).

4. Periods

a) Early, c.400-c.700

Alcock, Leslie, Arthur's Britain: History and Archaeology, A.D. 367-634 (London, 1971).

Bassett, Steven, ed., The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms (London, 1989).

Cleary, Simon Esmonde, The Ending of Roman Britain (London, 1990).

Higham, N.J., The English Conquest: Gildas and Britain in the Fifth Century (Manchester, 1994).

Higham, N.J., Rome, Britain and the Anglo-Saxons (London, 1992).

Kirby, D.P., The Earliest English Kings: Studies in the Political History of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy, c.575-875 (London, 1990).

Morris, John, The Age of Arthur: a History of the British Isles from 350-650 (London, 1973) Reprinted in 3 vols. (Chichester, 1977).

See also Morris (1993).

Morris, John, Arthurian Period Sources, Vol. 1: Introduction, Notes and Charters (Chichester, 1993).

This contains the key to references and sources in Morris (1973), and a full index.

Whittock, Martyn J., The Origins of England, 410-600 (London, 1986).

b) Middle, c.700-c.900

Bede and his World: the Jarrow Lectures, 1958-1993, 2 vols (Aldershot, 1994).

A collection of the annual Jarrow lectures, with an introduction by Michael Lapidge.

Blair, Peter Hunter, The World of Bede, reissue with corrections (Cambridge, 1990).

Higham, N.J., An English Empire: Bede and the Early Anglo-Saxon Kings (Manchester, 1995).

Kirby, D.P., The Earliest English Kings: Studies in the Political History of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy, c.575-875 (London, 1990).

Loyn, Henry, The Vikings in Britain, revised edition (Oxford, 1994).

Marsden, John, The Fury of the Northmen: Saints, Shrines and Sea-Raiders in the Viking Age, A.D. 793-878 (London, 1993).

Sawyer, Peter, Scandinavians and the English in the Viking Age (Cambridge, 1995).

Smyth, Alfred P., Scandinavian Kings in the British Isles, 850-880 (Oxford, 1977).

c) Late, c.900-c.1100

Dumville, David N., Wessex and England from Alfred to Edgar: Six Essays on Political, Cultural and Ecclesiastical Revival (Woodbridge, 1992).

Freeman, Edward A., The History of the Norman Conquest of England, its Causes and Results, 6 vols. (Oxford, 1870-9).

Although this work is biased (in favour of the Saxons), it is still valuable for its wealth of detail. It should always be used in conjunction with up-to-date publications.

Golding, Brian, Conquest and Colonisation: the Normans in Britain, 1066-1100 (London, 1994).

Henson, Donald, A Guide to Late Anglo-Saxon England from Alfred to Eadgar II (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, 1997).

Hicks, Carola, ed., England in the Eleventh Century: Proceedings of the 1990 Harlaxton Symposium (Stamford, 1992).

Higham, N.J., The Death of Anglo-Saxon England (Stroud, 1997).

Hill, David, ed., Ethelred the Unready: Papers from the Millenary Conference (Oxford, 1978).

Lawson, M.K., Cnut: the Danes in England in the Early Eleventh Century (London, 1993).

Loyn, H.R., The Norman Conquest, second edition (London, 1967).

Parsons, David, ed., Tenth-Century Studies: Essays in Commemoration of the Millenium of the Council of Winchester and 'Regularis concordia' (London, 1976).

Rumble, A., ed., The Reign of Cnut, King of England, Denmark and Norway (London, 1994).

Stafford, Pauline, Unification and Conquest: a Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries (London, 1989).

Whitelock, Dorothy et al., The Norman Conquest: its Setting and Impact (London, 1966).

5. Regions

See also Section Nine, part 3.

Victoria History of the Counties of England

This important series consists of several volumes on the history of each county, and the appropriate volumes for the Anglo-Saxon period should be consulted.

a) East

Gallyon, Margaret, The Early Church in Eastern England (Lavenham, 1973).

Hart, Cyril, The Danelaw (London, 1992).

Pewsy, Steven and Andrew Brooks, East Saxon Heritage: an Essex Gazetteer (Stroud, 1993).

Williamson, Tom, The Origins of Norfolk (Manchester, 1993).

b) West

Pearce, Susan, The Kingdom of Dumnonia: Studies in History and Tradition in South-Western Britain, A.D. 350-1150 (Padstow, 1978).

Porter, H.M., The Saxon Conquest of Somerset and Devon (Bath, 1967).

Sims-Williams, Patrick, Religion and Literature in Western England, 600-800 (Cambridge, 1990).

Whybra, Julian, A Lost English County: Winchcombeshire in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries (Woodbridge, 1990).

c) Midlands

Bailey, Richard N., The Early Christian Church in Leicester and its Region (Leicester, 1980).

Bunting, Richard, Anglo-Saxon and Viking Derbyshire (Derby, 1993).

Dornier, Ann, ed., Mercian Studies (Leicester, 1977).

Gallyon, Margaret, The Early Church in Wessex and Mercia (Lavenham, 1982).

Gelling, Margaret, The West Midlands in the Early Middle Ages (Leicester, 1992).

Hooke, Della, Anglo-Saxon Territorial Organization: the Western Margins of Mercia (Birmingham, 1986).

Stafford, Pauline, The East Midlands in the Early Middle Ages (Leicester, 1985).

Whybra, Julian, A Lost English County: Winchcombeshire in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries (Woodbridge, 1990).

d) North

Bede and his World: the Jarrow Lectures, 2 vols (Aldershot, 1994).

A collection of the annual Jarrow lectures from 1958-1993, with an introduction by Michael Lapidge.

Blair, Peter Hunter, Anglo-Saxon Northumbria (London, 1984).

Blair, Peter Hunter, Northumbria in the Days of Bede (London, 1976) Reprinted (Felinfach, 1997)..

Bu'Lock, J.D., Pre-Conquest Cheshire (Chester, 1972).

Cramp, Rosemary, Whithorn and the Northumbrian Expansion Westwards (Whithorn, 1995).

Gallyon, Margaret, The Early Church in Northumbria (Lavenham, 1977).

Higham, N.J., The Kingdom of Northumbria, A.D. 350-1100 (Gloucester, 1993).

Marsden, John, Northanhymbre Saga: the History of the Anglo-Saxon Kings of Northumbria (London, 1992).

e) South

Brandon, Peter, ed., The South Saxons (Chichester, 1978).

Copley, Gordon J., The Conquest of Wessex in the Sixth Century (London, 1954).

Gallyon, Margaret, The Early Church in Wessex and Mercia (Lavenham, 1982).

Hoskins, W.G., The Westward Expansion of Wessex (Leicester, 1960).

Witney, K.P., The Jutish Forest: a Study of the Weald of Kent from 450 to 1380 A.D. (London, 1976).

Witney, K.P., The Kingdom of Kent: a History from c.A.D. 450 to 825 (Chichester, 1982).

Yorke, Barbara, Wessex in the Early Middle Ages (London, 1995).

6. Settlements

a) General Commentaries

Haslam, Jeremy, ed., Anglo-Saxon Towns in Southern England (Chichester, 1984).

Hill, David and Alexander R. Rumble, ed., The Defence of Wessex: the Burghal Hidage and Anglo-Saxon Fortifications (Manchester, 1996).

Hodges, Richard and Brian Hobley, ed., The Rebirth of Towns in the West AD 700-1050 (London, 1988).

Russo, Daniel G., Town Origins and Development in Early England, c.400-950 AD (London, 1997).

b) Individual Settlements

Stenton, F.M., The Early History of the Abbey of Abingdon (Reading, 1913) Reprinted (Stamford, 1989).

Barton-on-Humber

Bryant, Geoffrey F., The Early History of Barton upon Humber, second edition (Barton-on-Humber, 1994).

Canterbury

Brooks, Nicholas, The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066 (Leicester, 1984).

Eales, Richard and Richard Sharpe, ed., Canterbury and the Norman Conquest: Churches, Saints and Scholars 1066-1109 (London, 1995).

Croydon

Anderson, J. Corbet, Saxon Croydon (Croydon?, 1877).

Deerhurst

Wormald, Patrick, How Do We Know so Much about Anglo-Saxon Deerhurst? (Deerhurst, 1993).

Exeter

Conner, Patrick W., Anglo-Saxon Exeter: a Tenth Century Cultural History (Woodbridge, 1993).

Farnham

Manning, Elfrida, Saxon Farnham (Chichester, 1970).

Glastonbury

Abrams, Lesley, Anglo-Saxon Glastonbury: Church and Endowment (Woodbridge, 1996).

Gloucester

Hare, Michael, The Two Anglo-Saxon Minsters of Gloucester (Deerhurst, 1993).

London

Brooke, Christopher N.L., London 800-1216: the Shaping of a City (London, 1975).

Oxford

Parker, James, The Early History of Oxford, 727-1100 (Oxford, 1885).

Romsey

Berrow, Phoebe, When the Nuns Ruled Romsey: Aspects of the History of Romsey in Saxon amd Mediaeval Times (Romsey, 1978).

Totnes

Stansbury, Don, The Saxon Foundation of Totnes (Totnes, 1992).

Westminster (London)

Sullivan, David, The Westminster Corridor: an Exploration of the Anglo-Saxon History of Westminster Abbey and its Nearby Lands and People (London, 1994).

Wolverhampton

Hooke, Della and T.R. Slater, Anglo-Saxon Wolverhampton: the Town and its Monastery (Wolverhampton, 1986).

Worcester

Jones, A.E.E., Anglo-Saxon Worcester (Worcester, 1958).

York

Cramp, Rosemary, Anglian and Viking York (York, 1967).

7. Biographies

a) Collections

Baring-Gould, S., Lives of the English Saints Reprinted (Lampeter, 1990).

Baring-Gould, S., Lives of the Northumbrian Saints Reprinted (Lampeter, 1990).

Cooper, Janet M., The Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops of York (York, 1970).

Fletcher, Richard, Who’s Who in Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxon England (London, 1989).

Smith, Alan, Sixty Saxon Saints (Pinner, 1994).

Williams, Ann, Alfred P. Smyth, and D.P. Kirby, A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland, and Wales, c.500-c.1050 (London, 1991).

b) Individual Biographies

Recorded here are monograph publications found for the listed individuals. In certain cases, more recent research on these individuals can be found elsewhere, for example, in periodical articles. See part 1 of this Section, and the annual bibliographies in the journals in part 3 of Section One.

For several of these individuals, there exist ‘biographies’ written in mediaeval times, although they are usually legends rather than factual. Many of these texts can be found in Section Three, part 6d, Section Four, part 2d, and Section Six, part 8c.

Hurt, James, Ælfric (New York, 1972).

Æthelwold (Bishop)

Yorke, Barbara, ed., Bishop Æthelwold: his Career and Influence (Woodbridge, 1988).

Aidan (Saint)

Kelsey, Henry, St Aidan and St Cuthbert (Berwick-on-Tweed, n.d.)

Alcuin (Abbot)

Duckett, Eleanor S., Alcuin, Friend of Charlemagne (London, 1951).

Aldhelm (Saint)

Browne, George F., St Aldhelm: his Life and Times (London, 1903).

Cook, A.S., ‘Sources for the Biography of Aldhelm’, Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 28 (1927), 273-93.

James, Montague Rhodes, Two Ancient English Scholars: St Aldhelm & William of Malmesbury (Glasgow, 1931).

Wildman, William Beauchamp, Life of S. Ealdhelm, First Bishop of Sherborne (London, 1905).

Alfred the Great (King)

Smyth, Alfred P., King Alfred the Great (Oxford, 1995).

This book has proved controversial, particularly in connection with the claim that Asser’s Life of the king is a forgery. For a more conventional view of Alfred, see Sturdy.

Sturdy, David, Alfred the Great (London, 1995).

See notes at Smyth.

Woodruff, Douglas, The Life and Times of Alfred the Great (London, 1974).

Augustine (Saint)

Deanesly, Margaret, Augustine of Canterbury (Walton-on-Thames, 1964).

Gameson, Richard, Saint Augustine of Canterbury (Canterbury, 1997).

Bede (Saint)

Brown, George Hardin, Bede the Venerable (Boston, 1987).

Houwen, L.A.J.R. and A.A. MacDonald, Beda Venerabilis: Historian, Monk and Northumbrian (Groningen, 1996).

Stranks, C.J., The Venerable Bede (London, 1955).

Benedict Biscop (Saint)

Fletcher, Eric, Benedict Biscop (Jarrow, 1981).

Bertha (Queen)

Hudson, Elizabeth Harriot, Queen Bertha and her Times (London, 1868). Later published as Bertha: Our First Christian Queen and her Times (London, 1870).

Birinus (Berin) (Saint)

Field, John Edward, Saint Berin, the Apostle of Wessex: the History, Legends and Traditions of the Beginning of the West Saxon Church (London, 1902).

Varley, Telford, St. Birinus and Wessex: from Odin to Christ (Winchester, 1934).

Boniface (Wynfrith) (Saint)

Greenaway, George William, Saint Boniface: Three Biographical Studies for the Twelfth Centenary Festival (London, 1955).

Sladden, J.C., Boniface of Devon: Apostle of Germany (Exeter, 1980).

Byrhtnoth (Ealdorman)

McSween, John, Byrhtnoth: Anglo-Saxon Warrior (Ely, 1991).

Canute (King)

Lawson, M.K., Cnut: the Danes in England in the Early Eleventh Century (Harlow, 1993).

Ceolfrid (Abbot)

Wood, Ian, The Most Holy Abbot Ceolfrid (Jarrow, 1996).

Chad (Saint)

Warner, Richard Hyett, The Life and Legends of Saint Chad, Bishop of Lichfield (669-672) (Wisbech, 1871).

Cuthbert (Saint)

Bonner, Gerald, David Rollason and Clare Stancliffe, ed., St Cuthbert, his Cult and his Community to A.D. 1200 (Woodbridge, 1995).

Stranks, C.J., The Life and Death of St Cuthbert (London, 1964).

Dunstan (Saint)

Dales, Douglas, Dunstan: Saint and Statesman (Cambridge, 1988).

Ramsay, Nigel and Margaret Sparks, The Image of Saint Dunstan (Canterbury, 1988).

Ramsay, Nigel, Margaret Sparks, and Tim Tatton-Brown, ed., St Dunstan: his Life, Times, and Cult (Woodbridge, 1992).

Edgar (Saint)

Panter, Helen, King Edgar (Bath, 1971).

Edith (Queen)

Stafford, Pauline, Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women’s Power in Eleventh Century England (Oxford, 1997).

Edmund (Saint)

Houghton, Bryan, Saint Edmund: King and Martyr (Lavenham, 1970).

Edward the Confessor (Saint)

Barlow, Frank, Edward the Confessor (London, 1970).

Edward the Exile

Ronay, Gabriel, The Lost King of England: the East European Adventures of Edward the Exile (Woodbridge, 1989).

Edward the Martyr (Saint)

Fell, Christine E., Edward King and Martyr (Leeds, 1971).

Egwin (Saint)

Benedictines of Stanbrook, Saint Egwin and his Abbey of Evesham (Worcester, 1904).

Emma (Ælfgifu) (Queen)

Stafford, Pauline, Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women’s Power in Eleventh Century England (Oxford, 1997).

Ethelbert (Saint, died 794)

Brooks, Edward C., The Life of Saint Ethelbert, King and Martyr 779 A.D.-794 A.D. (Bury St Edmunds, 1996).

Etheldreda (Æthelthryth) (Saint)

Stranks, C.J., St Etheldreda, Queen and Abbess (Ely, 1975).

Frideswide (Saint)

Blair, John, Saint Frideswide, Patron of Oxford: the Earliest Texts (Oxford, 1988).

The introduction to the sources in translation constitutes a useful biography.

Jacob, Ernest Fraser, St. Frideswide, the Patron Saint of Oxford (Oxford, 1957).

Godiva (Godgifu)

Lancaster, Joan Cadogan, Godiva of Coventry (Coventry, 1967).

Gregory the Great (Saint)

Richards, Jeffrey, Consul of God: the Life and Times of Gregory the Great (London, 1980).

Harold II (King)

Loyn, Henry R., Harold, Son of Godwin (Hastings, 1966).

Walker, Ian W., Harold: the Last Anglo-Saxon King (Stroud, 1997).

Hereward

Head, Victor, Hereward (Stroud, 1995).

Hilda (Saint)

Warin, Anne, Hilda: an Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (London, 1989).

Leofric (Bishop)

Barlow, Frank et al., Leofric of Exeter: Essays in Commemoration of the Foundation of Exeter Cathedral Library in A.D. 1072 (Exeter, 1972).

Margaret of Scotland (Saint)

Menzies, Lucy, Ronald A. Knox and Ronald Selby Wright, St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland, and her Chapel (Edinburgh, 1957).

Wilson, Alan, St Margaret, Queen of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1993).

Milburga (Saint)

Brown, Mary Gifford, An Illuminated Chronicle: Some Light on the Dark Ages of Saint Milburga’s Lifetime (Bath, 1990).

Mildred (Saint)

Brooks, Beda, The World of Saint Mildred, c.660-730: a Study of an Anglo-Saxon Nun in the Golden Age of the English Church (Bath, 1996).

Modwenna (Saint)

Baker, A.T. and Alexander Bell, St Modwenna (Oxford, 1947).

Odda (Earl)

Williams, Ann, Land, Power and Politics: the Family and Career of Odda of Deerhurst (Deerhurst, 1997).

Oswald (Saint, died 642)

Stancliffe, Clare and Eric Cambridge, ed., Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint (Stamford, 1995).

Oswald (Saint, died 992)

Bradley, S.A.J., St Oswald, Archbishop of York, and the Beauties of Holiness: a Cathedral Lecture Delivered in Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of the Death of St Oswald, Archbishop of York, Died 29 February 992 (York, 1992).

Brooks, Nicholas and Catherine Cubitt, ed., St Oswald of Worcester: Life and Influence (London, 1996).

Sigfrid (Saint, died c.1045)

Rydbeck, Monika, Den helige Sigfrid, en rikets skyddspatron (Växjö, Sweden, 1957).

Swithbert (Saint)

Flaskamp, Franz, Apostel der Bruktereer, Gründer von Kaiserswerth (Duderstadt, 1930).

Swithun (Saint)

Bussby, Frederick, Saint Swithun: Patron Saint of Winchester (Winchester, 1971).

Theodore (Archbishop)

Lapidge, Michael, ed., Archbishop Theodore: Commemorative Studies on his Life and Influence (Cambridge, 1995).

Walburga (Saint)

Steele, Francesca Maria, The Life of St Walburga (London, 1921).

Wigstan (Saint)

Rollason, D.W., The Search for St Wigstan, Prince-Martyr of the Kingdom of Mercia (Leicester, 1981).

Wilfrid (Saint)

Kirby, D.P., ed., Saint Wilfrid at Hexham (Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1974).

Warin, Anne, Wilfrid, A.D. 634 to 709 (York, 1992).

Willibald (Saint)

Dickerhof, Harald, et al., Der heilige Willibald: Klosterbischof oder Bistum Gründer? (Regensburg, 1990).

Willibrord (Saint)

Grieve, Alexander James, Willibrord: Missionary in the Netherlands, 691-739 (London, 1923).

Wampach, Camillus, Sankt Willibrord: sein Leben und Lebenswerk (Luxemburg, 1953).

Wulfstan (Saint)

Lamb, John William, Saint Wulfstan, Prelate and Patriot: a Study of his Life and Times (London, 1933).

Mason, Emma, St Wulfstan of Worcester, c.1008-1095 (Oxford, 1990).

8. Sources

a) Commentaries

Dumville, David, Histories and Pseudo-Histories of the Insular Middle Ages (London, 1990).

Gransden, Antonia, Historical Writing in England, c.500-c.1307 (London, 1974).

b) Collections

Ashdown, Margaret, ed. and trans., English and Norse Documents Relating to the Reign of Ethelred the Unready (Cambridge, 1930) Reprinted (New York, 1972).

Brown, R. Allen, trans., The Norman Conquest of England: Sources and Documents (London, 1996).

Douglas, David C. and George W. Greenaway, ed. and trans., English Historical Documents, 1042-1189, second edition (London, 1981).

Harmer, F.E., ed., Select English Historical Documents of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (Cambridge, 1914).

Whitelock, Dorothy, ed. and trans., English Historical Documents, c.500-1042, second edition (London, 1979).

c) Individual Authors and Works

See also ‘Administrative Documents’ in Section Five, part 5

i) Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

The so-called ‘Anglo-Saxon Chronicle’ consists of seven main versions, surviving in manuscripts named A to G, and other related texts. The letters and names often assigned to the main versions are given at the end of this paragraph. There is an excellent summary of the principal and related texts in the volumes of Dumville and Keynes below. For facsimile editions and discussions of the manuscripts, as opposed to their texts, see Section Five, part 6j.

MS A: The Winchester Manuscript, The Parker Chronicle.

MS A²: MS G, MS W.

MS B: one of the Abingdon manuscripts.

MS C: one of the Abingdon manuscripts.

MS D: The Worcester Manuscript.

MS E: The Peterborough Manuscript, The Laud Chronicle.

MS F: The Canterbury Bilingual Epitome, The Domitian Bilingual.

Bately, Janet M., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Texts and Textual Relationships (Reading, 1991).

Bately, Janet M., Manuscript Layout and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (Manchester, 1988).

Campbell, Alistair, ed. and trans., The Chronicle of Æthelweard (London, 1962).

A tenth century translation into Latin of a non-surviving version of the text in MS A.

Clark, Cecily, ed., The Peterborough Chronicle, 1070-1154, second edition (Oxford, 1970).

An edition of the later part of MS E.

Classen, E. and F.E. Harmer, ed., An Anglo-Saxon Chronicle from British Museum Cotton MS Tiberius Biv (Manchester, 1926).

An edition of MS D.

Dumville, David and Simon Keynes, general ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: a Collaborative Edition (Woodbridge, 1983 onwards).

This title will eventually consist of 23 volumes, presenting the standard editions of the main versions of the text, and the related texts. Published so far: MS F (facsimile), MSS A, B, C, D, Annals of St Neots [with] Vita prima Sancti Neoti.

Jebson, Tony, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle [web-site].

This web-site is under construction, and currently only contains the text of MS A, as edited by Plummer and Earle.

Web Site: The Labyrinth - OE Texts

Lutz, Angelika, Die Version G der angelsächsischen Chronik: Rekonstruktion und Edition (Munich, 1981).

Plummer, C. and John Earle, ed., Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel (Oxford, 1892-9) Reprinted (Oxford, 1952).

The two texts presented in this publication are those in MSS A and E.

Rositzke, H.A., The C-Text of the Old English Chronicle (Bochum-Langrandreer, 1940).

Smith, A.H., ed., The Parker Chronicle, 832-900, revised edition (Exeter, 1980).

Swanton, M.J., ed., An Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (Exeter, 1990).

This book presents selections from the Chronicle for beginners.

Swanton, M.J., ed. and trans., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (London, 1996).

This publication presents translations of all the main versions of the text.

Thorpe, B., ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (London, 1861).

An edition of MS F.

Whitelock, D. et al., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: a Revised Translation, revised edition (London, 1965).

A translation of the text in MS A.

ii) Asser

Keynes, Simon and Michael Lapidge, trans., Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources (Harmondsworth, 1983).

Stevenson, W.H., ed., Life of King Alfred (Oxford, 1904) Reprinted (Oxford, 1959).

Whitelock, Dorothy, The Genuine Asser (Reading, 1968).

iii) Bayeux Tapestry

Bernstein, David J., The Mystery of the Bayeux Tapestry (London, 1986).

Brown, Shirley Ann, The Bayeux Tapestry: History and Bibliography (Woodbridge, 1988).

Desmond, J., The Bayeux Tapestry Intro Page [Web]

This set of pages contains the entire tapestry as a sequence of 34 images, accessible by either thumbnail pictures or textual links. It originally mirrored a site in the USA, but that server (http://blah.bsuvc.bsu.edu/bt) has long been inactive.

Web: http://alethea.ukc.ac.uk/SU/Societies/deBec/Tapestry/intro.html

Gameson, Richard, ed., The Study of the Bayeux Tapestry (Woodbridge, 1997).

Grape, Wolfgang, The Bayeux Tapestry: Monument to a Norman Triumph (Munich, 1994).

Wilson, David M., The Bayeux Tapestry (London, 1985).

iv) Bede

Blair, Peter Hunter, Bede’s ‘Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation’ and its Importance Today (Jarrow, 1959).

Colgrave, Bertram and R.A.B. Mynors, ed., Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Oxford, 1969).

Also reprinted in Colgrave, McClure and Collins below.

Colgrave, Bertram, Judith McClure and Roger Collins, trans., Bede: The Ecclesiastical History of the English People; The Greater Chronicle; Bede’s Letter to Egbert (Oxford, 1994).

The Latin text of the Greater Chronicle appears in Mommsen below.

Kirby, D.P., Bede’s ‘Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum’: its Contemporary Setting (Jarrow, 1992).

Miller, T., ed., The Old English Version of Bede’s ‘Ecclesiastical History of the English People’ (London, 1890-8) Reprinted (Millwood, N.Y., 1959-63).

Mommsen, T., ed., Bedae chronica maiora, chronica minora (Berlin, 1895).

A translation of the Chronica maiora appears in Colgrave, McClure and Collins above.

Plummer, C., ed., Venerabilis Baedae ‘Historiam ecclesiasticam gentis Anglorum’... (Oxford, 1896).

Sherley-Price, Leo and D.H. Farmer, trans., Bede: ‘Ecclesiastical History of the English People’, with Bede’s Letter to Egbert, and Cuthbert’s Letter on the Death of Bede, revised edition (Harmondsworth, 1990).

Wallace-Hadrill, J.M., Bede’s ‘Ecclesiastical History of the English People’: a Historical Commentary (Oxford, 1988).

v) Calendars

Griffiths, Bill, Anglo-Saxon Times: a Study of the Early Calendar (London, 1991).

Wormald, Francis, ed., English Kalendars before A.D. 1100 (London, 1934) Reprinted (Woodbridge, 1988).

vi) Eadmer

Bosenquet, Geoffrey, trans., Eadmer's History of Recent Events in England: Historia novorum in Anglia (London, 1964).

Rule, Martin, ed., Eadmeri Historia novorum in Anglia (London, 1884) Reprinted (Millwood, N.Y., 1965).

vii) Gaimar

Hardy, T.D. and C.T. Martin, ed. and trans., L'Estorie des Engles solum la translacion Geffrei Gaimar, 2 vols. (London, 1888-9).

viii) Gildas

Lapidge, M. and D. Dumville, ed., Gildas: New Approaches (Woodbridge, 1984).

Winterbottom, Michael, ed. and trans., Gildas: The Ruin of Britain and Other Works (Chichester, 1978).

ix) Guy of Amiens

Morton, Catherine and Hope Muntz, ed. and trans., The 'Carmen de Hastingae proelio' of Guy, Bishop of Amiens (Oxford, 1972).

x) Henry of Huntingdon

Arnold, Thomas, ed., Henrici Huntendunensis Historia Anglorum, the History of the English by Henry Archdeacon of Huntingdon, from 55-1154 (London, 1879).

Forester, Thomas, trans., The Chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon Comprising the History of England from the Invasion of Julius Caesar to the Accession of Henry II (London, 1853) Reprinted (Lampeter, 1991).

Greenway, Diana, ed., Henry, Archdeacon of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum: the History of the English People (Oxford, 1996).

xi) Historia Brittonum

Dumville, David N., ed., The Historia Brittonum (Cambridge, 1985 onwards).

A new work in process of publication which will make available the various manuscripts of this text. Ten volumes are planned.

Morris, John, ed. and trans., Nennius: British History and the Welsh Annals (London, 1980).

xii) Hugh Candidus

Mellows, Charles and W.T. Mellows, trans., The Peterborough Chronicle of Hugh Candidus, third edition (Peterborough, 1980).

Mellows, W.T., ed., The Chronicle of Hugh Candidus (Oxford, 1949).

xiii) John of Worcester

Darlington, R.R. and P. McGurk, ed., The Chronicle of John of Worcester (Oxford, 1995 onwards).

This new edition is in process of publication. Only vol. 2 is currently available, containing the annals for 450-1066.

Stevenson, Joseph, Church Historians of England: Pre-Reformation Series, 5 vols in 8 (London, 1853-8).

Vol. 2, part 1 contains a translation of John's text. The translation is also available separately, see Stevenson (1988).

Stevenson, Joseph, trans., Florence of Worcester: a History of the Kings of England Reprinted (Lampeter, 1988).

See also Stevenson (1853-8).

Thorpe, B., ed., Florentii Wigorniensis monachi 'Chronicon ex chronicis', 2 vols (London, 1848-9).

xiv) Liber Eliensis

Blake, E.O., ed., Liber Eliensis (London, 1962).

xv) Lives (Non-Ecclesiastical)

Barlow, Frank, ed. and trans., The Life of King Edward Who Rests at Westminster, second edition (Oxford, 1992).

Bevis, Trevor A., trans., Hereward: the Siege of the Isle of Ely and Involvement of Peterborough and Ely Monasteries Together with 'De gestis Herwardi Saxonis' (March, 1982).

The Latin text of the De gestis Herwardi Saxonis appears in Hardy and Martin (part vii).

Birch, Walter de Gray, ed., Vita Haroldi: the Romance of the Life of Harold, King of England (London, 1885).

Campbell, Alistair, ed. and trans., Encomium Emmae Reginae (London, 1949).

Swanton, Michael, trans., Three Lives of the Last Englishmen (New York, 1984).

Translations of the three Latin lives of King Harold II, Hereward the Wake, and Bishop Wulfstan of Worcester. For the Latin text of the life of King Harold, see Birch. For another translation of the life of Hereward, and details of the Latin life, see Bevis. For the Latin life of Wulfstan, see Darlington in Section Four, part 2 dxx.

xvi) Orderic Vitalis

Chibnall, M., ed. and trans., The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, 6 vols (Oxford, 1969-80).

xvii) Roger of Wendover

Giles, J.A., trans., Roger of Wendover's Flowers of History, Comprising the History of England from the Descent of the Saxons to A.D. 1235, 2 vols (London, 1849) Reprinted (Lampeter, 1993).

Hewlett, Henry G., ed., Rogeri de Wendover Liber qui dicitur 'Flores historiarum' ab anno domini MCLIV, 3 vols (London, 1886-9) Reprinted (Wiesbaden, 1965).

xviii) Simeon of Durham

Arnold, Thomas, ed., Symeonis monachis opera omnia, 2 vols (London, 1882-5).

Stevenson, Joseph, Church Historians of England: Pre-Reformation Series, 5 vols in 8 (London, 1853-8).

Vol. 3, part 2 contains translations of Simeon's texts. They are also available separately, see both Stevenson (1987) and Stevenson (1988).

Stevenson, Joseph, trans., Simeon of Durham: A History of the Kings of England Reprinted (Lampeter, 1987).

See also Stevenson (1853-8).

Stevenson, Joseph, trans., A History of the Church of Durham, second edition. Reprinted (Lampeter, 1988).

See also Stevenson (1853-8).

xix) Waltham Chronicle

Apart from legends about the foundation of Waltham, the Chronicle contains information on the pre-Conquest community and the burial of King Harold II.

Watkiss, Leslie and Marjorie Chibnall, ed. and trans., The Waltham Chronicle: an Account of the Discovery of Our Holy Cross at Montacute and its Conveyance to Waltham (Oxford, 1995)

xx) William of Jumièges

Marx, J., ed., Gesta Normannorum ducum (Rouen, 1914).

Brown, R. Allen, The Norman Conquest (London, 1984).

Pages 1 to 15 contain a translation of part of William's text.

Van Houts, Elisabeth M., ed. and trans., The 'Gesta Normannorum ducum' of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, 2 vols (Oxford, 1992-5)

xxi) William of Malmesbury

Giles, J.A., trans., William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England (London, 1847).

Scott, John, The Early History of Glastonbury: an Edition, Translation, and Study of William of Malmesbury's De antiquitate Glastonie ecclesie (Woodbridge, 1981).

Stevenson, Joseph, Church Historians of England: Pre-Reformation Series, 5 vols in 8 (London, 1853-8).

Vol. 3, part 1 contains a translation of the Gestis regum Anglorum. The translation is also available separately (see Stevenson (1989)).

Stevenson, Joseph, trans., William of Malmesbury: the Kings before the Norman Conquest Reprinted (Lampeter, 1989).

See also Stevenson (1853-8).

Stubbs, W., ed., De gestis regum Anglorum libri quinque: Historiae novellae libri tres, 2 vols (London, 1887-9).

Thomson, Rodney, William of Malmesbury (Woodbridge, 1987).

xxii) William of Poitiers

Davis, R.H.C. and Marjorie Chibnall, ed. and trans., The ‘Gesta Guillelmi’ of William of Poitiers (Oxford, 1998).

A contemporary biography of William the Conqueror, with details of the campaign of 1066.