by Rosemary Ryan, John F. Longres, Roger A. Roffman
page 1-22
On the assumption that effective practice requires knowledge of cultural differences, this study examines the responses of over 400 African-, Latino-, and European-American men seeking services to reduce the risk of HIV infection. The responses of the men to questions about sexual identity, social support, and social networks were compared. Relatively few statistically significant differences were found. Possible confounding conditions as well as the implications for practice and research are discussed.
by Larry D. Icard
page 25-46
This paper presents a model for assessing personal, cultural, and social factors influencing the psychological well-being of black gay men. Differences are discussed by focusing on three groups-adolescent, adult and older gay African American men. Each of these groups is considered in connection with the developmental task of play, work, and love. These tasks are explored as a function of age cohort, gender appearances, socioeconomic status, church and religion, and area of residence as they are linked to an individuals participation in the black, gay, and black gay communities. These intersecting domains are addressed within the context of racism as they affect the psychological well-being of black gay men.
by Terry Tafoya, Douglas A. Wirth
page 51-66
This paper reviews the historical and contemporary literature on sexual conduct and identity among native American men. Sexual conduct between people of the same gender was institutionalized, that is, considered fully acceptable and normal, in many Native Communities. In part, institutionalized same sex intimacy was supported by religious beliefs that acknowledged the existence of people (and Gods) who were neither entirely male nor entirely female. Because of this, Native american men today are likely to reject such labels as homosexual, gay, or "berdache," in favor of two spirit men. Culturally sensitive ways of working with such Native American men are discussed.
by Carlos E. Zamora-Hernandez, Davis G. Patterson
page 69-87
This paper presents a critical overview of the literature on homosexual conduct and identity among Latino men both in Latin America and in the United States. The relationships between homosexually active Latino men and their families, the various Latino national origin communities, and gay communities are also [considered. Latino perspectives are contrasted with the dominant North American gay understandings of homosexuality in terms of individual identity and political activism. The unique problems of this population are also discussed with an emphasis on the social and cultural resources available to homosexually active Latinos and social work practitioners who serve them. Recommendations for social work practice and further research are offered.
by Felix I. Rodriguez
page 93-111
This paper draws on research as well as the observations of the author to examine homosexual behavior and identity in the Philippines within the context of historical and contemporary attitudes towards homosexuality and gender relations. It moves on to explore the implications of cultural expectations on Filipinos in the United states, especially with regard to how they might adapt to American culture and society. The paper ends with suggestions for providing ethnically sensitive services to homosexually active Filipino men.
by Sue Sohong, Larry D.. Icard
page 115-136
An increasing number of Koreans are immigrating to the U.S. Little information exists for human services professionals to draw from to help Korean gay men adjust to living in America. This discussion provides a historical overview of homosexuality in Korea with insights into contemporary Korean culture. An interview with a young Korean gay man living in the United States illustrates the concerns and problems these men experience as they try to adapt to gay life in this country. Racism from the gay community, and alienation from the Korean American community are salient characteristics of the problems experienced by Korean gay immigrants. To better serve the needs of these men, helping professionals must develop relationships based on trust and friendship, understand Korean attitudes toward homosexuality, and be knowledgeable of how Confucian gender ideology influences same sex relationships involving Korean gay men living in this country.
by Larry D.. Icard, John F. Longres, James H. William
page 139-162
This paper outlines a research agenda for designing and implementing services to gay men of color. This paper reviews the anthropological, historical, and international literature on homosexuality for it's implications for contemporary service delivery. The paper proposes that a problem solving model that recognizes the central importance of empathy and rapport may be used to organize the research. The paper concludes with a discussion of methodological issues.
Transcribed by Angelina Novani
14 Jan 1997